Finally, after months of complaining to Optimum online and having techs come to the house to discover "nothing" wrong, I read that sometimes these new 3.0 modems work much better so I got optimum to provide a new cable modem.
Arris TM802 Manualand so far this new modem has been providing speeds like I've never seen before. I've seen 20Mbps regularly and have been very impressed. The only downside is the Upload speeds are definitely lower. With my old Motorola Surfboard modem, I was getting 2Mb/s up consistently and 2Mb/s - 10Mb/s down. Given my speed issues, I'll happy with this setup.
It also appears to have a battery slot in the bottom (for which Cablevision did not provide a battery).
If anyone knows a backdoor into the modem's diagnostics, I'd like to post that here.
So, if you've been having speed issues like this, I think the first thing I'd try is to get one of these new modems!
Leave feedback if this has worked for you to let others know.